Edward s



B. HOLLY.

Car Brake.

-Patented Feb. l0, 1852.

[ff #mii/7.' Ma? NPTERS, PHOTULTHDMAPHER. WASHINGTON, UIC.'

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

BiRDsLiLLHoLLY,oEsENEcQ/i FALLS, NEW YORK, A ssioNoR To HiMsELE, siLAsHEwiT, L

EDWARD S. LATHAM, AND ABEL'DOVNSV RAILROAD-CAR BRAKE.

Speciication of Letters Patent No. 8,730, dated February` 10, 1852.

To all whom 'it may concern: L

Be it known thatI, BiRDsiLL HOLLY, of Seneca Falls, in the county ofSeneca and State `of New York, have invented a new` and Improved Brakefor RailroadCars,

vand that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the`same, reference be-L Lwith my brake arranged and adapted to it.

Figs. 2 and 3 show a modification of the mode o-f constructing thefriction wheel.

Fig. 4 shows `the shape of the car wheels .in j

Fig. l, and the spring that frees the friction wheel. L

The same letters show corresponding parts inL the drawings. V

. In Fig. 1 A is the frame of the truck; B, B, B, B, are the braces inwhich the bearings of the axles run; C, C, are the axles;

D, D, D, D, are the wheels which are shown without fianges and aresingle plate wheels constructed as shown ,in Fig. lgE F is what I call afriction `wheel whose axis is the axis of the axle ofthe car wheel. Thepart F is best made of wood and ;o-f hard wood, but metal may also Vbeused. The part F is beveled on its outer face. to which thefrictionwheel E F is applied has upon its inner side a projection which is shownat I, I in Fig. l. `This projection -is continuous aro-und the wholecircumferenceof the wheel. `The outer face ofthe friction wheel E F,`andthe surface of the projectionI, I, that is` next lto thatn face haveabout the bevel shown in` Fig. 4, and

to allow the fifbtion wheel to free itself readily from the projection.`The partaE of the friction wheel E LF, is either of wood or metal andof one piece with the Vpart F, or soxed as to hejsolid with and movewith The wheel D;

`be `brought into and out of action.

it; as shown in thedrawings, Figs. l and 4:, the part E is cylindricalLon its outer` face. The friction wheel G H is in all respectsconstructed like the friction wheel E F.`

J represents a cog wheel of Vmetal which is Lfrmlybolted to the frictionwheel E F and runs with it as-one piece.. Each pair of the carwheelsruns withsitsLLaxLle, as usual in rail-road-car wheels. Thewheels J andELF run loose on the axle C, and are free to slide on it. K is anothercogw'heel `of i the samesize and having cogs of the same size and numberas the cog wheel J 'and constructed `like it in all respects, and it isconnected and runs with the friction wheel GH in the same Lmaniier asthe cog wheel J with the Afriction wheel E F. j

L is a cog wheel o-f met-al which runs on the axle N; the nut O holdsthe wheel L on the axle N. P is a nut which holds the `axle N firmly inthe hanger Q; the nut O is on one end of t-he axle N and the nut P l onthe other end. M is another cog wheel of metal of the same size andhaving cogs of the same size and number as the cog wheel L, andconstructed, arranged and running like itin all respects. The hanger Q.is bolted firmly to the center cross pieces A, A, of the truck, andhangs do-wn from them so as-to support the cog wheels L Land M. The cogwheel L runs` in gear with the cog wheel-J, the cog wheel M runs in gearwith the cog wheel K, and the wheels L and M run in gear with each otheralso.` The absolute size of the wheels J and K and of other for a reasonhereafter stated.` The.

wheels L and M will work best if, in all respects, like each other, butonemay be larger than the other. i .L L L I have thus described myfriction wheels and the manner in which I` connect them with eachother.I` now proceed to describe themanner in which I cause the frictionwheels and the parts that connect them to R is the lower end of @brakeshaft or wheel VshaftLfwhich, projectsmupward. ina convenient andaccessible` place on the. car.

`This shaft is made in thekusual manner so as, when turned around towind around its lower end, al chain S which connects with a metallic rodT that is fastened to the long y of the cog wheels. v

arm U of'a bent lever of metal; V is a vcontinuation of the rod T andruns to a lever upon the Aother truck of the car (it being supposed tobe an eight-wheeled car, having two trucks) which operates another andsimilar brake on that truck, so that both brakes are operated by onebrake shaft; W is the short arm of thelever of which U is the long arm;the fulcrum of the lever is at X; Y is a frame of wood which is hungfrom the outer sides of the cross pieces'A, A of the frame; it is sohung as to vibrate sidewise, that is to and from the inner sides Z is apin or projection of metal, running from the frame Y in a horizontaldirection, and so placed that the short arm W may act against it.

A is a shaft of metal which has firmly fastened oneach end of it a wheelof metal.

' Q is one of these wheels and C C the other.

The wheel B runs against the inner end D of the hub E of the wheel J,and t-he wheel C. C runs against the inner end F of th hub G of thewheel K.

The ends D and F ofthe hubs E and G and the faces of the wheels B and CC are represented in the drawings as beveling. They will run better ifsoconstructed and will wear longer, but may all be made with square faces.The shaft A is left free to turn in the two projections on the frame Yshown in the drawing, while it has no other play in them and is held tothem by a band as shown.

The operation of the machinery is this:

While the car is running if the brake shaft i R is turned, it will windup the chain S, and pull the rod T and the lever U, and bring the shortarm W against the pin Z, which will move the frame Y, the shaft A andthe wheels B and C C, and bring those wheels against the ends D, F ofthe hubs E, G of the cog wheels J and K so as to slide those cog wheelsand the friction wheels E F and G H on the axles C, C, and bring thosefriction wheels into contact with the inner sides of the projections I,I on the wheels D, D, as the latter revolve. While the friction wheelsare not so in contact the wheels D, yD, revolve without affecting thecog wheels J, K, L and M or any of the machinery whichA has beendescribed. The moment the vfriction wheels are'brought and held incontact with the projections on the car wheels friction is createdbetween them,

which has the effect instantly to check Athe motionl of the car wheels.If the .friction l wheels.v are pressed` and held farther in by pressingthe friction wheels E F and G H farther in will be to cause thecog-wheel J to revolve in the same direction in which the car-wheel Dwith which it is connected is revolving, and that car wheel will keep onrevolving in the same direction in which it was before revolving, thecog w'heel L will be set revolving toward the rear of the car, the cogwheel M will bie set revolving toward the front. of the car, and the cogwheel K toward the rear of the car, and with the cog wheel K, thefriction wheel G I-I 'and the car-wheel D to which it is attached willrevolve toward the rear also. It will thus be seen that the motion ofthe hind wheels of the truck will be completely reversed,'and thosewheels will actually run backward while the forward wheels of the truckare running ahead, and that this w'ill continue as long as the brake isapplied,

-til the motion of the car is stopped. If the car is running so that thecar wheel to which the friction vwheel G H is applied is one of theforward wheels of a truck, and the brake is applied, the effect upon thefrictionV wheels and cog wheels will be the same as before described andthe car wheel to which the friction wheel E F is attached will be setrunning in a reverse direction; in other words, in all cases the motionof the hind wheels of the truck will be reversed.

If the two cog wheels J and K are alike in all respects, then whetherthe car be run-v ning either backward or forward, the brake will workequally w'ell and with the same power and the same amount of friction,and the hind wheels will always be reversed. But if one of the cogwheels J and K has more teeth thanA the other, although the reversingmay take place running in one 4direction or in either, yet there will beeither a loss of convenience by requiring'y thecar always to be run inone direction, or if it will reverse running either way, the friction land power of stopping will be less running one way than t-he other.

Instead of the cog gearing an endless' pairs of wheels of the truck bythe use of ,u y

intermediate friction,.so that-they may run in connection with eachother whendesired. f

The effect of giving the yreverse motion to the car wheels is not onlyto stop the headway of the car much sooner than it can be done by theuse of brakes which do not proby the use of my brake, the wheels cannever y slide upon the track, and thus .the evil of Wearing flat placesupon the treads of the Wheels Which is so injurious and is attendant onthe use of the ordinarybrakes is entirely avoided. It requires also theapplication of much less power to the brake Wheel to stop a car that hasmy brake.. `Moreover the place Where the friction is applied by my brakeis alwayskept dry and the brake is, therefore, always eiective inWetweather, when it is most needed, and When other brakes fail. Thefrictional part and even the Whole machinery may also be boxed up so asto exclude dust and foreign substances.

When the brake-Wheel is eased up so as to Withdraw the pressure ofv theshort arm W from the pin Z, the friction wheels F. F and Gr H are thrustback from out of the projections I, I, by means of a coiled spring H,Figl, Wound around the axle and pressing against the sides of thefriction Wheel and car Wheel as shown` in Fig. 4,

but any other convenient Way may be em-` ployed. The pushing out of thefriction Wheels Will push back the cog Wheels J and K, the Wheels B andC, C, the shaft A', the frame Y and the pin Z, so that the pin Z Willpush away the short arm W, until the friction Wheels are thrust out bythe springs, Which must be suiiicient to do so,

so far as to be no longer in contact Withl cogs J, J and the part I areall firmly fastened `together as one piece or they may be cast in onepiece of metal; the friction Wheel, E F, is made in sections or parts asshown in Fig. 3, which are bolted fast to the part I by bolts J as shownin Figs. 2 and .p `3, the bolts running from the outside, as at J Fig.3, throughthe sections and the part I, and being fastened on the "insideby nuts, as shown at J Fig. 2. These sections are best made of Wood, butmay be of metal, and

are beveled on their outer faces, as shown in Figs.` 2 and 3in likemanner as the outer face of the friction Wheel E F in Fig. t is beveled.The sections should ll the Whole or. a large portion `of thecircumference of the Wheels. The advantage of this mode of constructionis that asthe outer faces of the sections Wear by` friction, thesections may be moved outvvardnearer to the projection I, I, by means ofsetfscreivs, as at K, F igs. 2 and 3. For this purpose the sections E Fif of Wood, should be faced with iron on the inside, and Where the boltsJ run through the part I there should be slots to allow the bolts tomove outward With the sections. By this `means also the Wearing parts ofthe friction Wheel may be easily renewed Without much expense.

The projection Which embraces the friction Wheel may be in the shapeshown in Fig. 2, and of Whatever shape it is and on Whatever Wheel,Whether single or double plate or spoke or any other Wheel, may cit-herbe cast upon and with the car Wheel or be Vbolted to it, or, instead ofits being fixed on to the car Wheel a-t all, there may be a separatesocket for the friction Wheel, as shown in Fig. 2, Which socket must bekeyed or fastened firmly to the axle of the car-Wheel.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention and theconstruction and operation of its parts, what I claim as my inventionand desire to secure by .Letters Patent is The xedrand slidingrubbersupon the adjacent axles of a rail-road car in combination withthe intermediate cog Wheels, the Whole arranged and operatingsubstantially as herein setV forth.

BIRDSILL HOLLY.

